Woodworker&#39;s hand plane



Jan 20, 1959 G. H. PALM wooDwoRxER's HAND PLANE 5 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed May 23, 1955 Jan. 20, 1959 G. H. PALM wooDwoRKERs HAND PLANE Jan. 20, 1959 G. H. PALM 2,869,599

v lwooDwoRKfaR's HAND PLANE Filed May 23, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 nited States aten- 2,869,599 woonwonnnas HAND PLANE George H. Palm, Chicago, lll. Appncation May 2s, 195s, sensi No. staats s claims. (otras-14) t vThe invention relates generally to hand planes` for woodworking and the like, and more particularly to such atplane adapted for rabbeting and routing together with accessories therefor such as `a gauge and marker, a fence, andextensions therefor, and `is` an improvement over the Woodworkers Hand Plane as disclosed and claimed in my copending application, Serial No. 289,-`

847, filed May 24, 1952, now granted June 19, 1956.

The invention has among its objects the production of such a plane which may be fabricated from simple metal stampings which are similarly formed and symmetrically arranged, requiring a minimum of parts so that the principal parts thereof may be formed as simple, relatively inexpensive sheet metal stampings, resulting in a plane which is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and' at the same time is ellicient and durable in use.

Another object of theinvention is to provide a plane construction which is` light in weight andinwhich the parts are arranged tol provide simple adjustment for the depth of "cut and ease in manipulation of the plane in the operation by either pushing or pulling the plane.

Still another object of the invention is the production of a plane utilizing an improved adjusting and locking structure by` means of which the cutting blade may be readily and accurately adjusted, 'and rmly` locked in any of its adjusted positions. o

A further object of the invention is the production of a plane which incorporates an improved gauge and marker therefor, the latter being so incorporated with the blade locking structure that a commonlocking means may be employed for both the blade and the gauge and marker. l

Another object of the invention is to provide a simple, relatively inexpensive extension therefor formed from similar sheet metal stampings for modifying the plane where greater width of cut is desired. o

Still another object of the invention isto provide a simple fence construction for gauging the width of cut and which is suitablefor use either with `the rabbet and routing plane of this invention or this `plane when moditied with the extension therefor.

U. S. Patent No. 2,750,973,

`Another object of the invention is the improved methan improved form `of cutting blade permitting vertical l adjustment of the blade to provide small increments of adjustment and sutlcient rigidity for the various depths of cut to which the 4blade may be adjustel-` Many other objects and advantages of` the constructionherein shown and described will be `obvious tothose skilledin the art from the disclosure herein given. o o To this end, my inventionconsistsin the novel construction, arrangement, and combination of parts4 herein in the claims.

shown and described, and more particularly pointed out In the drawings, wherein like or similar reference characters indicate `like or corresponding parts:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a plane embodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a rear end elevational View of the same;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3 3 of Fig. l, lookingin the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line ll-l of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows,eillus trating part of the clamping mechanism for the `blade and part of the adjusting mechanism therefor;

`Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken approximately on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2 illustrating the clamping and adjusting mechanism for the blade;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken approximately onthe line 6-6 of Fig. 5 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of `a cutting blade for the plane;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of Fig. 1; i g

Fig. `9 is a side elevation of the extension of Pig. S illustrating it attached to a plane of Fig. 1.;

Fig. 10 is a rear end elevation of the extension attached to a-plane of Fig. 1 and illustrating the use of a fence therewith;

Fig. 11 is a side elevation of a fence for use with a plane of Fig. 1; o

Fig. 12 is a rear end elevation of the fence of Fig. 11 attached to a plane of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 13 is a perspective View of a blade for use with the `plane incorporating the extension therefor.

Rabbeting and routing planes of the type of which the plane of this invention is an improvement were, in the past, normally 'of a cast construction requiring machining, drilling, and threading operations in the manufacture thereof and were relatively expensive. The planeof the aforesaid cofpending application and this invention were evolved primarily to provide a plane which may be readily fabricated from simple, sheet metal parts fabriof an extension for the plane rcated by press operations and other parts likewise fab ricated `from simple members `along with certain parts which may be simple screw machine parts, and in order to provide a lighter plane, the sheet metal stampings are from relatively thin sections, and certain. of the parts are formed of aluminum to provide a plane construction having `a minimum weight.

The present invention also `contemplates a structure which is so constructed that most of the components of the plane may be fabricated from sheet metal by means o-f-relatively Vsimple stamping operations and requiring a minimum of dies and operations to produce the re quired components,` and these components may be readily assembled into sub-assemblies which, -in turn, may have `the component parts thereof alixed together` by a simple hydrogen brazing operation, after which certain of the parts may be machined and assembled to complete the plane. o o

Referring to the drawings and particularly to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a plane body l@ comprises an elongated Ushaped base member 11 and a hand gripping structure 12. The U-shaped base member 11 is suitably formed from sheet metal sections by means of stamping opera-k tions or the like, and is substantiallyl U-shaped in trans verse Cross section. The base member is formed by a pair of side walls 13 connected at their lower edges by;

a `bottom wall 14, the exterior face 15 of which forms the work engaging surface of the plane. As illustrated o t in Figs. 1, 3, and 5, the elongated U-shaped base member `1.1; is provided with a recess or notch 1.6 formed` in the bottom wall 14 and sidewalls 13.

The hand gripping structure 12 is illustrated as com-f prising a pair of similar members it? also formed from sheet metalbby means of suitable stamping operations, the members 17 being generally triangular in shape. illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 5, the front edge 1S and the bottomvvedge 19 of the structure 12'are straight and intersect lone another at substantially right angles with the third edge Ztl, Figs. 2 and 4, having a concave curvature as illustrated in Fig. 4. The third edge 20 is formed with a radius of Vcurvature of .approximately three inch radius, andthe concave curvature is symmetrical wherein the similarmembers 17 may be used interchangeably. Both the edges v1,8 andr19 on each of the members 17 are provided with inturned iianges 21 and, in like manner, the curved edges A20 of the members 17 are provided with inturned flanges 22, the latter being curved in cross section to forma rounded edge/which provides a convenient grippingsurface Abymeans of which the plane may be manually operatedyv The flanges 13 and19gvof7the members 1'7 are each providedwith a notch-,Zion thejianges 1S and 19, Figs. 1 and 5, and .likewise 'the notch on the flanges 18 is similarly positionedwith respect to the notch on the flanges 19 so that the` members V17 may be constructed from the same die and merely reversed to form left and right hand members comprising the hand gripping structure 12.

The hand gripping structure 12 is secured together by rivets 25, preferably of copper, passing through the side walls 13 and walls 26 of the members 17, suitable sleeves or collars 27 encircling each rivet. ZSto insure a rigid connection between the base member 2 and the members 17 as -well as to maintain the latter in fixed relation with respect to each other.

Positioned in the .hand gripping structure 12 and ex tending downwardly from the top edge 28 thereof is a screw Sti having a knurled or otherwise suitably formed gripping head 31 by means of Iwhich the screw may be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise. In fabricating the screw 3b with the knurled head 31, the screw is formed as a screw machine partwith a bottomthreaded end 32. The diameter of the screw isiive-sixteenths of an inch and the upper end is formed` with a slightly smaller diameter 33 complementally-formed to a .hole 34 in the head 31, to provide a seatfor a thin, foil-like copper washer The head 31 is also a screwmachine part preferably formed with a counterbore 35 and shaped as illustrated in Fig. 5. In assembling the head 31 to the, reduced portion 33 of the screw or bolt, the reduced portion 33 is `coated with a copper paste 35 and press fit in place, after which the partr is'fhydrogen brazed, firmly afiixing the head31 to `the screw portion 30. The thin copper washer 30 also aids in the .brazing operation for afiixing the yparts .3@ and 31 together. In this manner, the cost of making thepadjusting screw is reduced because ofthe material saving.. In addition, `a more attractive design may be had for kthe adjusting screw head. i

Carried by the Vthreaded end 32 of the screw 30 is a cutting `blade36 formed yfrom liat strip stock 0.093" in thickness and of suitable carbon steel, preferably high carbon or 1095 C steel, or tool steel stock. The blade 36 is formed with a vertically extending shank portion 37, lthe rear face of which bears against the adjacent por tions of the front edges .18 of the hand gripping stru-cture 12. The blade 36 is provided with oppositely di rected generally horizontally extending portions 38 and 39, Vthe end portion 39 having a threaded bore 40 therein through which is threaded the complementally threaded end 320i the adjusting screw 30 sothat by rotating the adjusting screw 30, the blade36 may be moved vertically with. respect to the plane body. The lower end portion` 33 of the blade is suitably beveledV with an angle of 20 atits free end to form a cutting edge 41., Pigs. l, 5, and- 7, with the end portion 38 inclined at an angleof 8 to provide clearance. The end portion 38 is iiarcd outwardly as shown in Fig. 7 whereby the cutting edge 41 is 4of the same width as the externalmdimensioncf,threef fourths of an inch for the ,width of the plane from the outer surfaces of the side walls 13 of the base member 11.

Referring to Fig. 7, the upper end portion 39 is complementally formed so that notched edges 42 are slidably received between the inner faces of the Walls 26 of the hand gripping structure 12. The faces of the' edges 43 of the `blade abut against the vertical edges 18 of the similar members 17, Figs. 3 and 5. The edges 43 are formed by notched edges 44 which provide clearance also for the notch 16 of the plane body formed in the side walls 13 thereof. The remaining width of the lower end portion 33 of the blade corresponds to the overall width of the plane. ln order to increase the rigidity of the blade and to fully reinforce the lower end portion 3o with respect to the intermediate portion 37, a reinforcing bead 45 is integrally formed as shown in Figs. 5 and 7. kIn order toform the vblade 36, it is blanked from strip material of suitable high carbo-n or tool steel and notched as 4shown so that .when formed in a suitable bending die,'the blade is shaped to that as illustrated in Fig. 7 andthe bead45 .is preferably formed in the same operation. The hole. 43 is preferably drilled and may bel used yas a locating. hole in the forming operation Vof the blade, after which. it maybe drilled to the proper size so that it may be threaded to receive the threaded end 3201 the adjusting screw. In'order to formthe beveled edge of the cutting-edge 41, several blades are mounted in a suitable fixture sothat the beveled edge may -be milled or shaped tothe required dimensions. Theblade is then suitably hardened` and tempered to the correcthardness, after `which the edge may be ground to the proper cutting edge, preferably at an angle of 20.

The blade 36 is lockedin any .ofits adjusted positions by compression means-45 comprising an L-shaped meinber 46 and a' compression member 47 interposed between an upstanding base vportion 48 of the .L-shaped member 46 and the front face of the vertically extending shank portion 37 of the blade 36. The member 4 7 is substantially rectangular in' shape and theY thickness thereof corresponds to the space between the side walls 13 so that it may be slidably mounted therebetween. `Thelower end of the member 48 is formedV with an opening. 49 shaped as shown in Figs. l, 3, and 5 to provide aY closure for the upper end of the notches 16in the sideplates 13, and to provide clearance for the chips and shavings from the cutting edge 41 of the blade. ,A longitudinally extending latch member 50 is aiiixedat one end by a suitable securing means 4such as a Phillips screw 51' affixed to a threaded hole 52 in the compression member 47.; A notch 53 is formedat therear end of the member. 50 to be mounted -in a complementallyy formed-,annular groove 54 in the adjusting screw 30. Thellatch member 50 as the upper face thereof abutsthe Vinner faceof the bottom wall 14, Figs. `l andV 5, `forms an interlocking construction as -the semi-circular notch 53 extends into the peripheral lslot or annular groove-54,1preventing axial movement .of the adjusting screwdl.` However, although axial movement of the screw ,30 `is prevented,rotation of the gripping head 31 in theproper direction causes the blade 36 to be raised and/ or lowered from a position flush with the bottom surface of the plane to a predetermined depth 41' as shown in the dotted position 36,', Fig. l. By proportioning the parts, the depth at which the blade may be set .may be that which experience has determined is the proper depth of cut for planes of this type. In this particular plane construction, the adjustment is one-half inch.

The L-sbaped member 46 comprises a horizontally extending portionrS integrallyformed lwith the upstandf ing base portion 48 and shapeda's illustrated in Fig. 5 with an arcuate connecting portion 57 for pivoting the compression member about the contiguously positioned collar 27 with the base portion 48 intermediate the collar `27 and abutting the front face 58 ofthe compression i L mem-'ber 47. integrally formed with the L-shaped mem ber at the forward `end thereof is an angular offset por-` tion 59 formed with a hole 66 through which is positioned a bolt or locking screw 61 with the head 62 thereof mounted in the offset of the offset portion 59, which provides clearance for the head 62 between the upper face of the bottom wall 14. The head`62 is formed with a curved surface 63 to properly seat the bolt 61.

The bolt 61 extends through a cylindrical spacer 64, preferably formed of aluminum to lighten the plane, and provided with an opening 65 through which the threaded end 66 of the bolt extends. The diameter of the spacer 64 permits the spacer to be inserted through the slotted upper end 67 of the front end of the plane formed by the spaced side walls 13, the upper edges of which are formed parallel to the base of the plane. The ends 6d of the spacer 64 are arcuately curved to correctly seat the bolt. The threaded end 66 extends above the top edge of the front end of the plane through a gauge and marker member 69. A hand gripping or adjusting nut 70 is formed with a knurled portion 71 and also formed with a threaded opening 72 tocomplementally receive the threaded end 66 of the boit. A washer 70 may be inserted between the bottom end of the gripping nut 70 and the gauge and marker member 69, Fig. l, though this is not essential as illustrated in Fig. 5.

Thus, lby rotating the locking and hand gripping nut 70 in a direction to loosen the nut, the pressure of the base portion 48 is relieved against the compression member 47, relieving the pressure of the compression member against the vertically extending shank portion 37 of the blade, whereupon the blade may be readily raised and lowered by rotating the gripping head 31 in the properdirection to raise or lower the blade as desired. When the blade has been properly adjusted by rotating the hand gripping nut 70 in the proper direction, the blade is then clamped into its adjusted position by the pivoting of the L-shaped member 46 whichvpermits the upstanding base portion 48 to bias the member 47 against the face of the vertically extending shank portion 37 ofthe blade.

Slidably mounted for longitudinal movement along the upper edges of the side walls 13 of the base member is the gauge and marker member 69 being preferably formed from suitable sheet material. The member 69 at its rear end is formed with a downturned end 73 with the horizontal end edge of the flange 76 being suitably beveled to form a scribing or marking edge 77. The edge 77 also serves as an index point with an index point 7S on the member 69 as the other index point. |lfhus, the member 69 may be readily adjusted with reference to the graduations 79 to position the index edge 77 thereof at any desired distance from the end titl of the base member 11.

The gauge and marker member 69 although primarily constructed as a gauge and marker is also formed to permit the edges thereof to be used as a square as shown in the dotted position 81, Fig. 6, wherein the downturned end 73 abuts one of the side walls 13, as shown. In

order to be used as a square, the nut 70 is loosened to permit the marker member 69 to ybe slid slightly forward and tilted to raise the dovvnturned end 73 over the top edge of the side member, after which it is brought to a right angle position and clamped in place. The marker member 69 may also be used as a bevel by adjusting it at any desired angle as illustrated in the dotted position 82, Fig; 6. When used as a bevel, the marker is j released and adjusted in position as described when used as a square.

In use, the blade 36 may be readily adjusted by turning the nut 70 in a direction to release the L-shaped member 46 withrespect to the compression member 47, thereby unlocking the blade 36, following which the blade may be elevated or lowered by turning the head 31 of the screw 30 inthe desired direction, andfollowing desdites adjustment of the blade, the nut `'70` is then rotated to bias the Aupstandingbase portion 43 of the L-shaped member 46 against the compression member 47 which again locks the blade in its adjusted position. The locking pressure as applied by` the nut 70, although providing suflicient friction to grip the blade in its adjusted position, is such, however, that the blade may be adjusted by adjusting the adjusting screw without releasing the` hand gripping nut 7 0 except for increasing the depth of the cut materially. As the operator of the plane becomes skilled, it will be a simple matter for the operator to unloosen the nut A 7f3 with one hand and adjust the `blade through the adjusting screw 30 by its gripping head 31 with the thumb and finger of the other hand.

In use, the hand gripping structure 12 may be grasped in one hand of the user and the plane guided by grasping the hand gripping nut 70 with the other hand, The construction ofthe plane is such that the plane may be moved with the cutting edge 4l of the blade being moved forwardly, or the plane may be reversed and the plane drawn towards the user as the cut is being made. It will be noted that as the cutting edge 41 of the blade 36 is of substantially the same width as thedistance between the external faces of the side walls 13 of the base member, and as the rivets 25 utilize dat heads which are positioned Hush with the external surface of the side wall i3, a relatively deep rabbet or groove may be readily cut with the plane.

in the fabrication of the plane, the similar members i7 are assembled together in a sub-assembly by the studs and spacer members 83 having reduced end portions 84 inserted through openings 85 which are symmetrically positioned on the members 17. The studs h4 may be suitably peened to hold the members in place though it is within the scope of the invention that the member S3 shall be formed with one stud portion b4 which is atlixed to one of the members, the spacer portion holding the members apart while they are assembled to the rest of the plane. The bottom wall 14 is formed from two similar plate-like members 86 which in the particular plane construction of this invention is approximately one inch wide by three and three-eighths inches long, and formed with similarly spaced slots 87 to receive the downwardly extending lugs 8S complementally formed thereto for affixing the side walls 13 to the plate-like members 66. The lugs are approximately three-eighths of an inch in length and correspond to the thickness of the side walls or 0.058. These lugs are staked in position and a copper paste of pure copper or flux is used and the parts are hydrogen brazedat substantially 2000* F. to firmly aiix them together. rately though itis preferred to assemble the side walls to the plate-like members, the side walls being separated by a spacer 89 which is a hollow cylindrical` member with annular studs 90 extending through openings 91 in the side walls 13.

In the preferred assembly, the sub-assembly of the members 17, as described above, is assembled in place with copper rivets 25 and spacers 27 as shown in Fig.` 5, the rivets 25 extending through the side walls 13 with the heads thereof in counterbores 92, the ends being riveted over at 93. It s preferred that the side walls 13 are similarly counterbored before assembly. The side walls at the front end of the plane are also similarly riveted together by similar rivets 2S. Before the parts are finally riveted, `suitable copper brazing compound is applied as at 94, after which the riveted assembly is placedin a hydrogen brazing furnace operating at substantially 2000 i?. and the parts suitably copper brazed together. if desired, the spacer 89 may be brazed in place'though normally it is left unbrazed. After the brazing operation, the extending edges of the members 66, Fig. 2, and the extending lug portions 88 as also shown in Fig. 2 are milled off and the base of the plane suitably milled to provide a smooth surface which is at right angles to the This brazing operation may he done sepaassenso front end 800i the plane. If necessary, the base of the plane may be ground to provide a smooth surface. The side faces of the plane are similarly ground r polished. lf desired, the knurling may be suitably blackened or oxidized to provide an ornamental surface of both the hand gripping nut 70 and the gripping head 31 of the adjusting screw.

The adjusting parts fory adjusting and clamping the blade in its adjusted position are assembled `by iirst mounting the blade in position as shown in Fig. and the adjusting screw adjustablythreaded thereto. The LShaped clamping member is inserted in`position with adjusting bolt 61 in place, after which the 4vSpacer 64, gauge and marker member 69and the hand gripping nut 70 are assembled as described above. The compression mem-A ber 47 is assembled in place between the `side walls 13 and the upstanding base portion 48 and blade 36 afterY Whichrthelatch member 50 is assembled in place with the notch S3 engaging the annular groove 54, and the screw 51 is then secured. lf it is desired to detach the various parts, they are disassembledinrtheir reverse order.

Referring to Figs. 8, 9, l0, and 13, there is disclosed an accessory for the plane in the form of an extension 95. rl`he extension is formed from similar side members 96 shaped as illustrated in Fig. 9, having similar angular portions 97 formed on each side of a notch 16' corresponding to the notch 16 of the plane. With the eXtension as shown, it is vpossible to extend the length of the plane from seven and three-fourths inches from that of the plane described with reference to Fig. l to a larger plane eleven and one-half inches along, and the width of the plane being increased from three-fourths of an inch t0 one and one-half inches. The base is formed by similar plate-like members 98 suitably brazed to the angular extensions 97. Holes 99, one-fourth of an inch in diameter are complementally formed to similar sized holes 100 formed in the side members 13 and in the similar members 17 at the rear end of the plane, and a one-fourth inch diameter hole 101 formed by the spacer 89 as the annular portions 90 extend through the side' Walls 13 at the front end of the plane. The inner surface 102 corresponding to the width of the plane body is suitably machined to squarely receive the base of the plane and the bottom surface 103 of the extension ismachined and/or ground parallel to that of the plane. in assembling the extension to the plane, securing means 104, such as a bolt, clamps the side walls 96 of the extension to the side walls of the plane and are firmly.

secured in positionby the nuts 105.

Since the swidthof the plane has been increased from three-fourths of an inch to one and one-half inches, it is necessary to provide a cutting blade 3.6' `substantially similar to the cuttingblade 36 but having a horizontal portion 3S', lone, and one-half inches in width, as compared to the regular three-fourths inch width bladeof the plane.. Since the remaining parts of the blade 36 are similar Vto' the other blade, like or prime reference characters will indicate the same or similar parts. Further description is believed unnecessary. The wider cutting blade 36 of Fig. 13 may be assembled in position after the extension 9S is in place by first detaching the regular cutting blade 36, whereupon the wider cutting blade 36 may be attached.

With the wider and longer extension, wider cuts may be made and since the plane is longer7 longer cuts in routing may be formed. it is also possible to use the plane with the extension for other purposes where a small plane is required.

Anothernecessary ausiliary attachment for eithervthc plane of Fig. 1 or the `plane with the extension of Fig.

9 is a fence construction 106. This construction is partic-k ularlyillustrated with the rabbet and routing planevof Fig. l in the illustrations, Figs. kll and l2, andwith the extension in Fig.V l0. The fences 106 are also formed of sheet material of suitable thickness, shaped as in Fig.`

S 1l, and formed with a notch 107 which corresponds to the notch 16 of the plane or thelnotch"v 1,6' when used with theextension. The lower edge 108-of the fence extends preferablyone inch below the bottom exterior facer 15 of the plane. Similarly placedholes 109.. are punchedlin -the' fence to serve as gauges for blanking the fence. The length of the fence ris seven. and threefourths inches, corresponding to that of the plane. The Jfence is fastenedin place to the same holesV 100.and 101. of the plane `to which the extension is assembled. Collars` 110 having an annular stud portion 111 are brazed in place in drilled holes 112. The length of the collar is, such to provide lspace for mounting a thumb srcew 113 whichis used to affix the fence on shoulder `stud bolts 114 which has a reduced portion 115 for assembling in the openings V100 andl 101 of the plane, and the ,ends of the stud are threaded to receive the wing nuts- 116: vwhich firmly clamp thejstud toeitherside wall of the vplane so that the fence 106,Arnaymbe assembledto either side of the plane, dependingon whichedge the rabbet, groove or routedr notch are being gauged from. Thelcngth of the shoulder stud bolts 114 are of such length as tc provide for a suitable width of cut which may be produced with the plane.

Referring to Fig. 10, the fence 106 is shown assembled to the plane and extension therefor. When used with the extension, it is preferred to reverse the fence to the position shown with the collar 110 abutting the side face of onerof the side members 96 of the extension, depending on the side of the extension from which it is desired to gauge the rabbet or routed surface being cut. Thewidth or" the collar 110 preferably corresponds to the distance between the outer face of one of the side me1nbers 96 and the outer edge 117 of the extension. Whenf used in this manner, it is necessary to use an Allen' screw 113 rather than the thumb screw 113. The shoulder studs 114 for mounting the fence when used with the eX- tension are assembled to the extension and plane through the same openings and 101 which are used for mounting the securing means 104 for mounting the extension to the plane. The fence 106 may be suitably adjusted laterally on the studs 114 for whatever width of cut is desired.

It will be noted from the above description that there has been disclosed a light weight form of rabbet and router plane which is fabricated -from simple sheet metal sections preferably 0.058 for the side walls 13 and base sections 86 and 0.049 for the members 1'7, which are substantially similarly formed to reduce the parts required, and which may be readily brazed together to form a rigid sheet metal plane construction, and which is also light in weight because of the thin sheet metal sections used along with aluminum parts where desirable to further reduce the weight of the plane. The thickness of the sections for the extension members and fence is substantially that of corresponding sections of the plane. The fabrication of the plane from component parts from sheet or' similar suitable material by means of stamping operations eliminates costly manufacturing methods, and enables the production of an eflicient butrelatively very inexpensive plane of the type involved. A suitable range' of thickness for the sheet metal parts is withina range from substantially 14 to 18 gauge. Likewise, the present invention enables the production of a plane of this type with a minimum number of parts wherein the blade locking means is also utilized to lock the gauge or marking element in operative position.

There has also been described an improved rabbeting' and router plane construction which may be used with` various accessoriensuchas an extension, to convert the plane from ashort length as lnormally used to. a,wide`r' and longer plane where it is desirable to use .the plane for either rabbeting or routing, or as another type of plane when one desires a longerlength of plane.

There has valso been disclosed a simple fence construction which may be usedwith either the rabbeting and routing plane or with theplane when it is used with an extension therefor for suitably gauging the width of cut.

There has also been disclosed a simple form of cutting blade wherein the cutting blade is adapted to be adjusted vertically for the depth `of cut, and wherein the plane and cutting plane are so constructed that atlarger cutting blade may be substituted for the regular cutting blade when the extension is used with the regular plane.

lt is also within tne scope of the invention that although the cutting edge asdisclosed with reference to the blades of Figs. 7 and l3 is preferred that the blade may also be formed with a different shape, depending on the shape ot cut desired.

Having thus described my invention, it is obvious that various immaterial modifications may be made in the same without departing from the spirit of my invention; hence, l do not wish to `be understood as limiting myself to the exact form, construction, arrangement and combination of parts herein shown and described, or uses mentioned.

What I claim as new and Patent is: i

l. In a hand plane, the combination of an elongated U-shaped body member, said elongated body member comprising similarly formed side wall stampings, each of said stampings formed with a notch substantially dividing the side members into front and rear portions, each of said front and rear portions formed with downwardly extending lugs, front and rear similarly formed plate-like bottom stampings for forming bottom wall members and provided with holes complementally formed to receive the downwardly extending lugs of the side walls for aixing said bottom stampings to said side members, a copper brazing compound at the junction between the bottom stampings and the side walls for integrally aiiixing said members together whereby the side walls are integrally aixed to the bottom wall members forming a substantially U-shaped body member, so that, upon removal of said excess metal of the depending ings and the laterally extending portion of the bottom wall members, the bottom wall of the plane and the side walls thereof are completed. j

2. In a hand plane, the combination of an elongated U-shaped body member, said elongated body member comprising similarly formed side wall stampings, each of said stampings formed with a notch lsubstantially dividing the side members into front and rear portions, each of said front and rear portions formed with downwardly extending lugs, front and rear similarly formed plate-like bottom stampings `for forming bottom wall member and provided with holes complementally formed to receive the downwardly extending lugs of the side walls for aihxing said bottom stampings to said side members, a copper brazing compound at the junction between the bottom stampings and the side walls for integrally atiixing said members together whereby the side walls are integrally aixed to the bottom wall members forming a substantially U-shaped body member, so that upon removal of said excess metal of the depending lugs and the laterally extending portion of the bottom wall members, the bottom wall of the plane and the side walls thereof are completed, similarly formed triangulardesire to secure by Letters shaped members, oneedge of which is curved, said meml bers having inturned flanges along the edges thereof affixed between the side walls at the rear of the plane with thecurved edge of the similarly formed triangularshaped members arranged contiguous to similarly curved edges of the side members forming a hand gripping surface, spacing means for spacing the triangular-shaped members, securing means extending through the side walls and `the triangular-shaped members aixing the side walls and the triangular-shaped members together, copper brazing compound interposed along the periphery of the armate edge of the side walls and the surface of the 10 triangular-shaped members contiguous thereto, whereby', upon brazing, said side Walls and triangular-shaped members are integrally axed together with said copper brazing compound to form a rigid plane body with the band gripping portion formed by the triangular-shaped members.

3. In a hand plane, the combination of an elongated U-shaped body member, said elongated body member comprising similarly formed side wall stampings, each of Said stampings formed with a notch substantially dividing the side members into front and rear portions, each of said front and rear portions formed with downwardly extending lugs, front and rear similarly formed plate-like bottom stampings for forming bottom wall members and provided with holes complementally formed to receive the downwardly extending lugs of the side walls for atlxing said bottom stampings to said side members, a copper brazing compound at the junction between the bottom stampings and the side walls for integrally aixing said members together whereby the side walls are integrally aixed to the bottom wall members forming a substantially U-shaped body member, so that upon removal of said excess metal of the depending lugs and the laterally extending portion of the bottom wall members, the bottom wall of the plane and the side walls thereof are completed, similarly formed triangular-shaped members, one edge of which is curved, said members having inturned anges along the edges thereof aixed between the side walls at the rear of the plane with the curved edge of the similarly formed triangular-shaped members arranged contiguous to similarly curved edges of the side members forming a hand gripping surface, spacing means for spacing the triangular-shaped members, securing means extending through the side walls and the triangular-shaped members affxing the side walls and the triangular-shaped memberstogether, copper brazing compound interposed along the periphery of the arcuate edge of the side walls and the surface of the triangular-shaped members contiguous thereto, whereby, upon Ibrazng, said si-de walls and triangular-shaped members are integrally alxed together with said copper brazing compound to form a rigid plane body with the hand gripping portion formed by the triangular-shaped members, and symmetrically positioned holes with respect to the notch in the side walls for detachably mounting accessories for the plane.

4. In a hand plane, the combination of an elongated U-shaped body member, said body member comprising metal stampings forming side walls, symmetrically formed bottom wall members, said bottom wall members and the bottom edges of the side wall including complementally formed means and a brazing compound whereby the bottom wall members and the side wall members are integrally atiixed together so that a U- shaped elongated body `member is formed, certain of the edges of the side wall members formed at right angles to the bottom wall members and the opposite rear edges of the side wall members arcuately formed, similar triangular-shaped members, one edge thereof arcuately formed and complementally formed to the arcuate rear edge of the side walls, securing means for spacing the side walls a predetermineddistance and for aflixing the side walls together and the side walls and triangularshaped members together, said securing means also including brazing means whereby the` triangular-shaped members and the Side walls contiguous thereto are aixed together, and `said triangular-shaped members formed with inturned flanges for forming an arcuate hand gripping portion and a chamber extending above` the side walls.

5. In a band plane, the combination of an elongated base member of sheet metal which is U-shaped in transverse cross section having a pair of upwardly extending parallel side walls connected by a horizontally extending intermediate bottom wall which forms a work-engaging surface, `a hand gripping structure of sheet metal eomprsing a pair of triangularmembers, each of the latter havingy similar correspondingfedge anges, said triangular members being arranged in opposed relation with said corresponding flanges of the respective members being positioned in transverse alignment, said flanged members being positioned in the base member and extending thereabove, means rigidly securingr'said llanged members to the base member, a Yblade member comprising a vertically extending shank and upper and lower horizontally extending end portions, the lower end portion of which is formed to provide a transversely extending cutting edge, reinforcing means formed at thejuncture of said lower horizontally extending end portion and said vertically extending shank means for vertically adjusting said blade relative to the base member operatively engaging a complementally formed threaded bore in said upper tally extending-end portion, and means for lo g said blade in rigid relation'with respect to said base member. 6.1in a hand plane, the combination of an elongated itl-Shaped body member, said U-shaped body member comprising spaced similarly formed side wall metal stampingsand a bottom wall formed by similar bottom wall stampings, said bottom wall stampings complementally formed to the lower edegs of the side wall members whereby the botto-m wall members are atlixed to the side wall members, each of said side wall members being notched intermediate an edge thereof contiguous to the bottom wall members thereby forming a transverse notch across the'width of the plane, triangular-shaped members similarly formed as metal stampings, each triangularshaped'member having one edge thereof arcuately formed and having one face axed to a side wall at the rear end thereof, two of said edges of each triangular-shaped member at right angles to each other and a portion of one edge anged with an inturned edge whereby certain of the inturned edges abut the inner face of one of said bottom wall members and the other of the inturned edges at right angles to the bottom of the plane and forming with the arcuate inturned edges a chamber at the upper end thereof, an adjusting screw operatively mounted in the aforesaid chamber and positioned at right angles to the base of the plane, a cutting7 blade operatively mounted within the notch and between the said walls, said cutting blade comprising a horizontal portion extendingI transversely across the notch between the side walls, a vertically extending shank portion operatively engaging lower portions of the vertically extending edges of the triangular-shaped members, and a rearwardly ex tending upper end portion of the blade complementally formed to the threaded end of the adjusting screw, said adjusting screw comprising a gripping head operatively seated on the upper ends of the triangular-shaped members, said horizontal portion vof the cutting blade provided with a horizontal cutting edge, compression means operatively mounted between the side walls of the body member at the forward end thereof comprising a compression member operatively mounted between the side walls and engaging the front face of the vertically extending shank portion of the cutting blade, said compression member including latch means complementally formed to the adjusting screw and abutting bottom edges of portions Aof the verticai inturned flanged edges of the triangular-shaped members and operatively engaging the adjusting screw whereby axial movement of the adjusting screw is prevented although permitting rotational movement of the adjusting screw in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, an operator-operated verti cally extending adjusting nut operatively connected to the compression member whereby rotation of the adjusting nut in one direction biases the compression member against the cutting blade and rotation of the adjusting nut in the opposite direction releases the compression member so that rotation of the adjusting screw in one direction lowers the cutting blade and rotation of the adjusting screw in the opposite direction raises the cutting blade, said compression means also'comprising an L- shaped member comprising an horizontallyextendingpor# tion and an upstanding base portion, said L-shaped 1nember operatively mounted for rotation in either direction about a horizontal axis extending transversely to the body member with the upstanding base portion operatively en the aforesaid compression member, a vertically 7. In a hand plane las set forth in claim 6, wherein said i notches form a substantially inverted U-shaped opening to operatively receive the cutting blade therein, said vertically extending shank portion integrally formed with said horizontal lower end portion and said upper end portion extending in a direction opposite to that of the lower end portion, ysaid upper lend portion provided with a threaded opening for adjustably receiving the adjusting screw of the hand plane, reinforcing means formed at the junction of the horizontal lower end portion and the vertically extending shank portion, andthe opposite edges of toe vertically extending shank portion and said upper end portion formed with similar offset notches, .the upper notches contiguous to the upper end portion compleinen# tally formed for positioning between the side walls of the hand plane and the upright edges of the lower notches compleinentally formed for slidably mounting the' cutting blade on vertical edges of the side walls contiguous'to the notches in the side walls. f

S. ln a hand plane as set forth in claim 6, wherein said horizontal end portion of the cutting -bladesis provided with a transverse cutting edge, said vertically extending shank portion at right angles to the horizontal endI perl tion and integrally formed therewith, reinforcing means extending at van angle intermediate the endsl of the horizontal lower end portion and the vertical edges of the vertically extending shank portion, said upper end porition integrally formed with the vertically extending shank portion and extending in a direction opposite to thatof the horizontal lower end portion, said substantially horizontal end portion inclined lat a slight anglewto the base of the plane, and the opposite edges of the'verticallyextending shank portion and the upper endI portion formed with similar offset notches.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNlTED STATES PATENTS.'

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